Simple Present and Present Continous

É fácil, preste bem atenção: Toda vez em que eu quiser falar sobre opinião pessoal, rotina ou fatos que se repetem, eu uso o Simple Present.
Exemplos: Everyday I wake up at 6 am, brush my teeth and have breakfast. Esses fatos ocorrem diraiamente e se repetem, daí o uso correto do Simple Present.
No Present Continous é um pouco diferente porque tenho de dereminar duas formas: Verb To Be+ - ing e a ação ocorre no momento em que o falante mostra sua fala:
exemplos I'm typing a letter - eu estou digitando uma carta - analise: a ação está ocorrendo nesse momento, há movimento pois o verbo encontra-se em -ing daí a forma correta é o Present Continous.
Outra forma de identificar o Present Continous, é pelos advérbios de tempo: Right now; Now, Imediately, Now.
Espero que tenha esclarecido um pouco mais sobre esses verbos tão importantes em nossas vidas!
Bjos
Pax et Lux

Conditional sentences
The conditional sentences are sometimes confusing for learners of English.
Watch out:
1) Which type of the conditional sentences is used?
2) Where is the if-clause (e.g. at the beginning or at the end of the conditional sentence)?
There are three types of the if-clauses.
type
condition
I
condition possible to fulfill
II
condition in theory possible to fulfill
III
condition not possible to fulfill (too late)
Form
type
if clause
main clause
I
Simple Present
will-future (or Modal + infinitive)
II
Simple Past
would + infinitive *
III
Past Perfect
would + have + past participle *
Examples (if-clause at the beginning)
type
if clause
main clause
I
If I study, I will pass the exam.
II
If I studied,I would pass the exam.
III
If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.
Examples (if-clause at the end)
type
main clause
if-clause
I
I will pass the exam if I study.
II
I would pass the exam if I studied.
III
I would have passed the exam if I had studied.
Examples (affirmative and negative sentences)
type

Examples


long forms
short/contracted forms
I+If I study, I will pass the exam.
If I study, I'll pass the exam.
-
If I study, I will not fail the exam.If I do not study, I will fail the exam.
If I study, I won't fail the exam.If I don't study, I'll fail the exam.
II
+
If I studied, I would pass the exam.
If I studied, I'd pass the exam.
-
If I studied, I would not fail the exam.If I did not study, I would fail the exam.
If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam.If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam.
III
+
If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.
If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam.
-
If I had studied, I would not have failed the exam.If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam.
If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the exam.If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the exam.
* We can substitute could or might for would (should, may or must are sometimes possible, too).
I would pass the exam.
I could pass the exam.
I might pass the exam.
I may pass the exam.
I should pass the exam.
I must pass the exam.

Reported Speech

Reported commands
If you put a command into Reported speech there are some steps which are the same like in statements: (changing of the person, backshift of tenses, changing of expressions of time).
The form is mostly: form of to tell + to + infinitive.
Affirmative commands
Negative commands
Father: "Do your homework."
Teacher. "Don't talk to your neighbour."
Father told me to do my homework.
The teacher told me not to talk to my neighbour.


Reported questions
If you put a question into Reported speech there are some steps which are the same like in statements: (changing of the person, backshift of tenses, changing of expressions of time).
In Reported speech there is no question anymore, the sentence becomes a statement.That's why the word order is: subject - verb
Question without question words (yes/no questions):Peter: "Do you play football?" - Peter asked me whether (if) I played football.
Question with question words:Peter: "When do you play football?" - Peter asked me when I played football

Gerund

We use the Gerund after prepositions.
adjective + preposition
We use the Gerund after the following phrases:
afraid of - They are afraid of losing the match.
angry about/at - Pat is angry about walking in the rain.
bad atgood at- John is good at working in the garden.
clever at- He is clever at skateboarding.
crazy about- The girl is crazy about playing tennis.
disappointed about/at- He is disappointed about seeing such a bad report.
excited about- We are excited about making our own film.
famous for- Sandy is famous for singing songs.
fed up with- I'm fed up with being treated as a child.
fond of- Hannah is fond of going to parties.
glad about- She is glad about getting married again.
happy about/at -The children are not happy about seeing a doctor.
interested in- Are you interested in writing poems?
keen on- Joe is keen on drawing.
proud of- She is proud of riding a snowboard.
sick of- We're sick of sitting around like this.
sorry about/for- He's sorry for eating in the lesson.
tired of -I'm tired of waiting for you.
used to -She is used to smoking.
worried about- I'm worried about making mistakes.

Translation? I'ts easier than you think!!!!

"Synchronicity I" – 3:23
"Walking in Your Footsteps" – 3:36
"O My God" – 4:02
"Mother" (Andy Summers) – 3:05
"Miss Gradenko" (Stewart Copeland) – 2:00
"Synchronicity II" – 5:02
"Every Breath You Take" – 4:13
"King of Pain" – 4:59
"Wrapped Around Your Finger" – 5:13
"Tea in the Sahara" – 4:19
"Murder by Numbers" (Words Sting, Music Andy Summers) – 4:36

Past Perfect

The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event heppened first. This page will explain the rules for forming and using the tense.
Forming the past perfect tense
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. Here are the rules, using the regular verb "arrive" and the irregular verb "eat":
Subject
HAVE+Past Participle
Contraction
I had arrived. I had eaten.
I'd arrived. I'd eaten.
You had arrived You had eaten.
You'd arrived.You'd eaten.
He had arrived. He had eaten.
He'd arrived. He'd eaten.
She had arrived. She had eaten.
She'd arrived. She'd eaten.
It had arrived. It had eaten.
It'd arrived.It'd eaten.
We had arrived. We had eaten.
We'd arrived.We'd eaten.
They had arrived. They had eaten.
They'd arrived.They'd eaten.



Using the Past Perfect
The past perfect is used to show you which of two events happened first. Imagine that two things happened in the past:
I went to see the movie.
We discussed the movie in class.
Here, we don't know which order the events happened in. That may be important -- perhaps I went to see the movie after the discussion, or maybe I saw the movie before the discussion. There are many ways to make this sequence clear, and the past perfect is one of them. This is how we do it:
I went to see the movie. We had discussed it in class.
Here, we KNOW that the discussion took place FIRST -- even though the sentence describing it comes afterwards. We discussed the movie, and THEN I went to see it. This can be very useful when you are telling a story or relating a sequence of events. At any point in your story, you can jump BACK to a previous event, and your reader will not be confused, because the past perfect will make it clear that the event happened previously. Here is another example:
I wanted to live in a foreign country, so I applied for a job in Japan. Judy lived in Japan, so I called her to find out more about the culture and lifestyle there.
(Judy was probably still living in Japan when I called her.)
I wanted to live in a foreign country, so I applied for a job in Japan. Judy had lived in Japan, so I called her to find out more about the culture and lifestyle there.










Past Perfect
with "after" "before" and "when"


Note the use of "after", "before" and "when" with past perfect tense use.


Earlier

Later
After
I had stopped at an ATM

I took my friends out to lunch.

I had stopped at an ATM
before
I took my friends out to lunch.





Later

Earlier

I took my friends out to lunch
after
I had stopped at an ATM.
Before
I took my friends out to lunch

I had stopped at an ATM.





Earlier

Later

I had just closed my eyes
when
the telephone rang.





Later

Earlier
When
the telephone rang

I had just closed my eyes.


Practice


1. Consider the logical sequence of events, then, decide where to put the adverb.Next, decide whether to use past perfect verb tense.
2. Then click anywhere in the background of the page to see if your answer is partially or all correct. If all of your answer is correct then all of it will remain in the box. If it is partially correct , your answer will be erased to the right of the correct letters entered.

Parte superior do formulário
EXAMPLE: We (just sit) down to dinner. A fire (break out) in the kitchen. when
Step 1: Consider the logical sequence of events, then, decide where to put the adverb. We (just sit) down to dinner. when A fire (break out) in the kitchen.
Step2: Join the sentences and adjust the verb tense in each clause.



1. He (just buy) a new home. His company (transfer) him to another city. when



2. The examination (already begin). They (discover) one of the pages was missing. after

3.His daughter (just given up) hope. She (receive) a telegram saying she had been awarded first prize.
when


4. The student (barely have) a chance to use his new text book. He (lose) it on a bus. before




5. The company (already ship) the merchandise.They (realize) they had sent it to the wrong address. after




6. He (barely overcome) one financial difficulty. Another, more serious one (face) him. when





7. The couple (just enter) the house. They (begin) to argue. when




8. They (hire) a new cook. The old one (ask) for his job back. after



9. The car (hardly go) a mile. It (have) a flat tire. before



10. The foot ball players (just enter) the stadium. A cheer (arise) from the audience. when
Parte inferior do formulário

REPORTED SPEECH
Supply the correct form of the verbs.
1. I said, “I don’t fell well today”.
I said that I …………………………………… well that day.
2. Mother said, “The girls are playing in the park.”
Mother said that the girls …………………………… in the park.
3. She said, “I will be your new teacher”.
She said that she ……………………………………. my new teacher.
4. George said, “I read the newspaper yesterday”.
George said that he ……………………… the newspaper the day before.
5. My father said, “I will be working tomorrow”
My father said that he …………………………….. the next day.
Put into the reported speech.
1. Harold said, “I am studying biology now”.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The girls said, “We are going to buy some flowers”.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. The bus driver said, “I will have reached Salvador next Friday”.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. They said, “We want to swim now”.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. He said, “I saw her last night”.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Jane said, “Joe didn’t come this morning”.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Albert said, “ Raymond was playing in my room an hour ago”.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. I said, “I will not write it tomorrow”.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Mr. Winston said, “John doesn’t live here”.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Cecilia said, “You have to help me today”

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Put into the direct speech.
1. Julie said that she would receive a letter from Bill.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. James said that I had to see his work that today.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. She said that she had lived there since the year before.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. They said that they were studying history then.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Mrs. Alison said that she was my new teacher

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Francis said that he would be in London the following week.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Paul said that his brother had worked in Madrid three years before.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Alice said that she went to school with her father.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. They said that they would go to the movies if they had money

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Peter said that he would have left the next day.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

STRUCTURE
DIRECT SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH
John said, “I love Mary”.
John said that he loved Mary.
John said to Mary, “I love you”
John told Mary that he loved her.
He said, “Where is Linda?”
He asked where Linda was.
She said, “How do you go to school?”
She asked how I went to school.
They said, “When will she arrive?”
They asked when she would arrive.
She said, “Do you speak English?”
She asked if I spoke English.
They said, “Did she go to school?”
They asked if she had gone to school.
He said, “Will they help you?”
He asked if they would help me

Supply the correct form of the verbs.
1. Peter said, “Have you finished your homework?”
Peter asked if I ………………………………………… my homework.
2. I said to him, “Did you write your composition?”
I asked him if he ………………………………………… his composition.
3. Bob said, “Do you know the name of this school?”
Bob asked if I ………………………………………… the name of that school.
4. Joyce said to George, “Will you help me?”
Joyce asked George if he ………………………………………… her.
5. Frank said, “How do you go to work?”
6. Frank asked how I ………………………………………… to work.
Put into the reported speech.
1. My sister said to me, “Do you want to ski?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. He said to me, “How are you today?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. She said to him, “Where do you study?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. I said to Jane, “Are you going to school?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Joe said, “Why will you write the letter?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Dr. Watson said to me, “What have you seen?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Betty said, “What time is it?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Johnny said to his mother, “Can I go to the club?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Christine said, “Who wants to go with me?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Mother said, “Where did Lucy go?” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Put into the direct speech.
1. Carol asked me if I was tired.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. He asked where we would go.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. They asked him where he lived.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. She asked them if they had seen her book.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. I asked if you spoke English.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Mom asked me if I would study the next day.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. We asked them if they played the piano.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. She asked why I didn’t go with her.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Jane asked if I had brought the books.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………